{"id":567,"date":"2022-02-26T19:38:49","date_gmt":"2022-02-26T17:38:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/?p=567"},"modified":"2022-02-26T19:39:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-26T17:39:07","slug":"la-constant-cosmologica-el-major-error-deinstein","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/la-constant-cosmologica-el-major-error-deinstein\/","title":{"rendered":"La constant cosmol\u00f2gica: el major error d\u2019Einstein"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Malgrat l\u2019\u00e8xit que Einstein va tenir gr\u00e0cies a, entre altres, les teories de la relativitat general i especial, Einstein es va negar a acceptar la resposta que sortia de les matem\u00e0tiques. I \u00e9s que, a l\u2019igual que Friedman i Lema\u00eetre, Einstein s\u2019havia adonat que les equacions de la relativitat general mostraven que l\u2019univers no podia ser est\u00e0tic. Pel contrari, el teixit de l\u2019espai es podia estirar o contraure, per\u00f2 no podia mantenir una mida fixa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Al resistir-se a acceptar aix\u00f2, ja que ell i els dem\u00e9s cient\u00edfics de la seva \u00e8poca estaven conven\u00e7uts que l\u2019univers era est\u00e0tic, va introduir un nou terme a les equacions de la relativitat general que va anomenar constant cosmol\u00f2gica.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><u><strong>En qu\u00e8 consisteix la constant cosmol\u00f2gica?<\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Com ja se sap, la mat\u00e8ria i la radiaci\u00f3 disperses per l\u2019espai exerceixen un for\u00e7a atractiva, que fa que un objecte s\u2019apropi a qualsevol altre. A l\u2019interpretar les seves equacions d\u2019aquesta manera, Einstein es va adonar que l\u2019univers hauria de contraure\u2019s. \u00c9s per aquest motiu que Einstein va incloure un nou factor a les equacions, que provocaria un efecte contrari a la gravetat, i causaria un efecte repulsiu. En altres paraules, aquest nou factor contrarestava la for\u00e7a gravitat\u00f2ria.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Escollint amb precisi\u00f3 el valor del nou terme, Einstein va descobrir que podia equilibrar a la perfecci\u00f3 la for\u00e7a gravitat\u00f2ria atractiva amb la for\u00e7a gravitat\u00f2ria repulsiva que ell mateix havia introdu\u00eft a les equacions. D\u2019aquesta manera, Einstein va aconseguir calibrar aquestes dues forces per tal que l\u2019univers fos est\u00e0tic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><u><strong>Les observacions de Hubble<\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Malgrat que en aquella \u00e8poca els cient\u00edfics pensaven que l\u2019univers era est\u00e0tic, tot va canviar al 1929. En aquest any, Hubble va publicar les seves observacions de gal\u00e0xies llunyanes, demostrant que totes elles (menys les m\u00e9s properes) s\u2019allunyen de nosaltres. A m\u00e9s, tamb\u00e9 va observar que, com m\u00e9s lluny de nosaltres es troba una gal\u00e0xia, m\u00e9s r\u00e0pidament se separa de nosaltres. D\u2019aquesta manera, Hubble va demostrar, amb observacions astron\u00f2miques, que l\u2019univers s\u2019est\u00e0 expandint. Explico tot aix\u00f2 en <strong><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/com-sabem-que-lunivers-sesta-expandint\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">aquest article<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Quan Einstein va saber que les observacions de l\u2019univers mostraven el contrari del que ell havia defensat i calculat fins aquell moment, va qualificar la inclusi\u00f3 de la constant cosmol\u00f2gica a les seves equacions com el major error de la seva vida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em><u><strong>La constant cosmol\u00f2gica ressuscitada<\/strong><\/u><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-justify\">Les observacions de Hubble van negar durant un temps la necessitat d\u2019una constant cosmol\u00f2gica. No obstant, aix\u00f2 va canviar quan un grup d\u2019astr\u00f2noms a finals de la d\u00e8cada del 1990 van descobrir que l\u2019univers no nom\u00e9s s\u2019estava expandint, sin\u00f3 que ho feia a un ritme accelerat. Van anomenar a aquesta estranya forma d\u2019energia anti-gravitat\u00f2ria (similar a la constant cosmol\u00f2gica, i que forma m\u00e9s del 70% de l\u2019univers) com a energia fosca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entrades Similars:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/com-sabem-que-lunivers-sesta-expandint\/\">Com sabem que l\u2019univers s\u2019est\u00e0 expandint?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/el-big-freeze-la-mort-gelida-de-lunivers\/\">El Big Freeze: la mort g\u00e8lida de l\u2019univers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/que-proposa-la-teoria-del-big-rip\/\">Qu\u00e8 proposa la teoria del Big Rip?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/el-big-crunch-quan-tot-torni-al-comencament\/\">El Big Crunch: Quan tot torni al comen\u00e7ament<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entrades Populars:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2020\/09\/09\/perque-la-lluna-nomes-ens-ensenya-una-cara\/\">Perqu\u00e8 la Lluna nom\u00e9s ens ensenya una cara?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2020\/12\/11\/stephenson-2-18-lestrella-mes-gran-coneguda-a-lunivers\/\">Stephenson 2-18, l\u2019estrella m\u00e9s gran coneguda a l\u2019univers<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/01\/29\/lexplotacio-minera-al-cinturo-dasteroides-una-font-de-recursos\/\">L\u2019explotaci\u00f3 minera al cintur\u00f3 d\u2019asteroides, una font de recursos<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/02\/05\/la-brossa-espacial-un-gran-problema\/\">La brossa espacial, un gran problema<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/05\/14\/com-es-van-extingir-els-dinosaures\/\">Com es van extingir els dinosaures?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/04\/09\/que-passaria-si-la-terra-deixes-de-rotar\/\">Qu\u00e8 passaria si la Terra deix\u00e9s de rotar?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/02\/19\/la-missio-a-venus-de-la-sonda-venus-express-per-la-esa\/\">La missi\u00f3 a Venus de la sonda Venus Express per la ESA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/01\/08\/quins-son-els-requisits-per-a-ser-un-planeta\/\">Quins s\u00f3n els requisits per a ser un planeta?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/01\/01\/perque-no-es-poden-sentir-sons-a-lespai\/\">Perqu\u00e8 no es poden sentir sons a l\u2019espai?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2020\/10\/10\/quina-mida-i-forma-tindrien-els-extraterrestres\/\">Quina mida i forma tindrien els extraterrestres?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/2021\/04\/02\/les-unitats-de-mesura-que-fem-servir-en-astronomia\/\">Les unitats de mesura que fem servir en astronomia<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entrades Recents:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__list is-grid columns-3 wp-block-latest-posts\"><li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/com-viatjar-al-futur-sense-violar-les-lleis-de-la-fisica\/\">Com Viatjar al Futur Sense Violar les Lleis de la F\u00edsica<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/que-es-la-gravetat\/\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la gravetat?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/per-que-hi-ha-mes-materia-que-antimateria-a-lunivers\/\">Per qu\u00e8 hi ha m\u00e9s mat\u00e8ria que antimat\u00e8ria a l\u2019univers?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/que-es-lantimateria\/\">Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l\u2019antimat\u00e8ria?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a class=\"wp-block-latest-posts__post-title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/per-que-els-centres-de-les-galaxies-contenen-forats-negres\/\">Per qu\u00e8 els centres de les gal\u00e0xies contenen forats negres?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Malgrat l\u2019\u00e8xit que Einstein va tenir gr\u00e0cies a, entre altres, les teories de la relativitat general i especial, Einstein es va negar a acceptar la<span class=\"read-more-link\"><a class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/la-constant-cosmologica-el-major-error-deinstein\/\">Continuar llegint<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":570,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_mi_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":""},"categories":[1,6],"tags":[533,534,201,387,474,535,508,55],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Constant_Cosmol\u00f2gica.jpg?fit=720%2C405","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":959,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/que-es-la-gravetat\/","url_meta":{"origin":567,"position":0},"title":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la gravetat?","author":"Ferran","date":"24 de juliol de 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"La gravetat \u00e9s una de les forces fonamentals de l\u2019univers. Fa que tornem a caure al terra quan saltem, i que n\u00favols de gas col\u00b7lapsin per formar estrelles. Durant segles la humanitat ha intentat entendre qu\u00e8 \u00e9s la gravetat. Malgrat aix\u00f2, no va ser fins que Isaac Newton va estudiar\u2026","rel":"","context":"A &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/category\/general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/QueEs_Gravetat.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/QueEs_Gravetat.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/QueEs_Gravetat.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/QueEs_Gravetat.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":886,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/que-sabem-sobre-la-velocitat-de-la-llum\/","url_meta":{"origin":567,"position":1},"title":"Qu\u00e8 sabem sobre la velocitat de la llum?","author":"Ferran","date":"2 d'abril de 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"La velocitat de la llum al buit \u00e9s d\u2019exactament de 299.792.458 metres per segon, arrodonida normalment a 300.000.000 metres per segon. Aquesta \u00e9s una constant universal, simbolitzada per la lletra \u00abc\u00bb a les equacions. Segons la relativitat especial d\u2019Albert Einstein, la velocitat de la llum funciona com un l\u00edmit de\u2026","rel":"","context":"A &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/category\/general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Velocitat_Llum.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Velocitat_Llum.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Velocitat_Llum.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Velocitat_Llum.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":593,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/lorigen-de-lor-on-es-forma-aquest-material\/","url_meta":{"origin":567,"position":2},"title":"L\u2019origen de l\u2019or: on es forma aquest material?","author":"Ferran","date":"25 de mar\u00e7 de 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"L\u2019or \u00e9s un material molt valu\u00f3s, que \u00e9s utilitzat en una gran varietat d\u2019ind\u00fastries. A la Terra aquest metall s\u2019extreu de mines, trobant-se tamb\u00e9 (en petites quantitats) en alguns rius. No obstant, l\u2019or no ha aparegut del no res a la Terra. Aix\u00ed doncs, d\u2019on prov\u00e9 l\u2019or que existeix a\u2026","rel":"","context":"A &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/category\/general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Origen_Or.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Origen_Or.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Origen_Or.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Origen_Or.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":891,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/viatjar-en-el-temps-es-possible\/","url_meta":{"origin":567,"position":3},"title":"Viatjar en el temps \u00e9s possible","author":"Ferran","date":"9 d'abril de 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"La idea de viatjar en el temps ha fascinat a la humanitat durant segles, amb incomptables obres de ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3 explorant el concepte dels viatges entre diferents \u00e8poques en el temps. No obstant, des de la publicaci\u00f3 de la teoria de la relativitat general d\u2019Albert Einstein al 1915, el viatge\u2026","rel":"","context":"A &quot;Univers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Univers","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/category\/univers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Viatjar_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Viatjar_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Viatjar_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/Viatjar_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":965,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/com-viatjar-al-futur-sense-violar-les-lleis-de-la-fisica\/","url_meta":{"origin":567,"position":4},"title":"Com Viatjar al Futur Sense Violar les Lleis de la F\u00edsica","author":"Ferran","date":"14 de setembre de 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"La veritat \u00e9s que tots estem viatjant en el temps a cada instant! I ho fem a un ritme constant de 1 segon per segon. En un primer moment podr\u00edeu pensar que aix\u00f2 \u00e9s totalment diferent que viatjar a trav\u00e9s d\u2019una de les tres dimensions espacials a, per exemple, un\u2026","rel":"","context":"A &quot;Univers&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Univers","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/category\/univers\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ViatgesTemps_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ViatgesTemps_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ViatgesTemps_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/ViatgesTemps_Futur.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":944,"url":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/que-es-lantimateria\/","url_meta":{"origin":567,"position":5},"title":"Qu\u00e8 \u00e9s l\u2019antimat\u00e8ria?","author":"Ferran","date":"25 de juny de 2023","format":false,"excerpt":"Les part\u00edcules de mat\u00e8ria constitueixen gaireb\u00e9 tot el que veiem a l\u2019univers. Els \u00e0toms estan formats per protons, electrons, neutrons, i una gran quantitat de part\u00edcules m\u00e9s petites. Encara que sembli una cosa treta de la ci\u00e8ncia ficci\u00f3, l\u2019antimat\u00e8ria \u00e9s real, i, de fet, se\u2019n produeix cada dia a la\u2026","rel":"","context":"A &quot;General&quot;","block_context":{"text":"General","link":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/category\/general\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/QueEs_Antimateria.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/QueEs_Antimateria.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/QueEs_Antimateria.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/QueEs_Antimateria.jpg?fit=720%2C405&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=567"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":571,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/567\/revisions\/571"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=567"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=567"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cosmoespai.com\/cat\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=567"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}